Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) Practice Exam

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Which vitamin is essential for preventing megaloblastic anemia?

Vitamin C
Vitamin B6
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12

The correct answer is: Vitamin B12

Megaloblastic anemia is primarily caused by deficiencies in either vitamin B12 or folate (vitamin B9), both of which are crucial for the proper formation and maturation of red blood cells. Vitamin B12 plays a vital role in DNA synthesis and the normal functioning of red blood cells. When there is insufficient vitamin B12 available, it leads to the production of large, immature, and dysfunctional red blood cells known as megaloblasts, which ultimately do not function efficiently in oxygen transport. Vitamin C, while important for overall health and the absorption of iron, does not have a direct role in the prevention of megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin B6 is essential for various metabolic processes, but it is not specifically tied to the prevention of megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin D is crucial for bone health and calcium absorption but is unrelated to red blood cell production or prevention of anemia. Therefore, vitamin B12 is the correct choice as it directly influences the prevention of megaloblastic anemia through its critical role in red blood cell development.