Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) Practice Exam

Which patient population has a higher risk of developing atelectasis after gastrointestinal surgery?

1. Bariatrics

2. Geriatrics

3. Neonates

4. Obstetric patients

The correct answer is: Bariatrics

In the context of gastrointestinal surgery, the patient population that has a higher risk of developing atelectasis is bariatric patients. This is due to several factors inherent to bariatric surgery and its associated challenges. Bariatric patients typically have underlying obesity, which can lead to restricted lung capacity and reduced diaphragm movement. The excess weight can also contribute to obstructive sleep apnea and a higher likelihood of respiratory complications such as atelectasis postoperatively. Post-surgical factors such as pain management strategies and the use of narcotics can further impair lung function in bariatric patients, making it difficult for them to take deep breaths and cough effectively, both of which are crucial for maintaining lung expansion and preventing atelectasis. These patients may require targeted strategies for respiratory care following surgery to mitigate this risk. Other populations, such as geriatrics, neonates, and obstetric patients, experience their own specific risks post-surgery, but the combination of obesity, surgical factors, and respiratory mechanics in bariatric patients distinctly elevates their likelihood of developing atelectasis after gastrointestinal procedures.