Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) Practice Exam

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with megaloblastic anemia?

1. Shortness of breath

2. Jaundice

3. Fatigue

4. Frequent infections

The correct answer is: Fatigue

Megaloblastic anemia is characterized by the presence of large, abnormal red blood cells due to impaired DNA synthesis, commonly associated with deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folic acid. One of the hallmark symptoms of megaloblastic anemia is fatigue, which arises due to a reduced capacity of the blood to carry oxygen. The body’s tissues and organs do not receive adequate oxygen, leading to a feeling of tiredness and weakness. Fatigue in this context is a direct result of the anemia itself. As the red blood cell production is compromised, individuals may find themselves easily fatigued, experiencing decreased stamina during physical activities, and overall a general sense of low energy. While shortness of breath may occur in severe cases as a secondary effect of anemia, it is not a primary symptom specifically associated with megaloblastic anemia. Jaundice can occur due to hemolysis or breakdown of red blood cells, but it is not typical of this type of anemia. Frequent infections are more often linked to other types of anemia where there is an immune compromise (such as aplastic anemia) rather than specifically with megaloblastic anemia. Thus, fatigue stands out as the common and primary symptom associated with this condition.