Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) Practice Exam

Which factor is a significant risk for developing postoperative ileus in patients who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery?

1. Excessive dietary fiber intake

2. Increased fluid intake

3. Opioids that depress motility

4. High volume post-operative feeding

The correct answer is: Opioids that depress motility

Postoperative ileus is a temporary condition of decreased bowel motility following surgery, particularly gastrointestinal procedures. One significant risk factor for developing this condition is the use of opioids that depress gastrointestinal motility. Opioids are effective pain relievers commonly administered after surgery. However, their pharmacological effects can lead to reduced peristalsis and gastrointestinal activity, which significantly contributes to the development of ileus. When the normal movements of the intestines are inhibited, it can lead to a slowdown in digestion and obstruction, resulting in symptoms such as abdominal bloating, pain, and constipation. This understanding of how opioids interact with the GI tract helps identify them as a critical factor influencing postoperative outcomes, particularly ileus. In contrast to this, excessive dietary fiber intake and increased fluid intake are generally not considered significant risk factors for postoperative ileus. Instead, high dietary fiber might actually promote bowel motility. Similarly, high volume postoperative feeding can vary in its effects based on the specific patient's condition but does not specifically increase the risk of ileus as much as opioid use does.