What should be initiated 14 days post-operation in cases of emergent splenectomy patients?

In cases of emergent splenectomy, particularly when the surgery is performed due to trauma or other urgent conditions, the patient loses the protective functions of the spleen, which plays a crucial role in immune response, especially against encapsulated bacteria. Therefore, post-operation, there is a significant risk for infections, particularly within the first few weeks to months, and proper vaccination is essential.

Initiating the vaccination schedule 14 days after the splenectomy is crucial because it provides the patient with the best chance to develop immunity against infections that they are more susceptible to without a functional spleen. Vaccinations typically include those against pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) pathogens, which are vital for preventing severe infections. This proactive measure helps to mitigate the heightened risk of post-splenectomy sepsis, which can be life-threatening.

While antibiotics can also be a component of the post-operative care, especially as prophylaxis in some cases, the initiation of a vaccination schedule is especially emphasized at this time to bolster the patient's immune defenses effectively and promptly.