Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) Practice Exam

What is the most common neurological manifestation associated with HIV disease?

1. Cognitive dysfunction

2. Seizures

3. Paresthesia

4. Peripheral neuropathy

The correct answer is: Peripheral neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy is recognized as the most common neurological manifestation associated with HIV disease due to various factors including the direct effects of the virus, opportunistic infections, and complications from antiretroviral therapies. This condition typically presents as pain, tingling, or weakness in the limbs and can affect the sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. In individuals living with HIV, peripheral neuropathy can arise from a range of causes, including the neurotoxic effects of certain medications, opportunistic infections such as cytomegalovirus, and the disease’s impact on the immune system. Peripheral neuropathy is particularly prevalent in the context of HIV/AIDS, making it an important consideration in the management of these patients. Other neurological manifestations such as cognitive dysfunction, seizures, and paresthesia can occur in individuals with HIV, but peripheral neuropathy often stands out as the most frequent and impactful condition seen in clinical practice.