Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) Practice Exam

What is considered the number one complication in the GI surgery patient population?

1. Hemorrhage

2. Atelectasis

3. Infection

4. Wound dehiscence

The correct answer is: Atelectasis

In the context of GI surgery patients, atelectasis is a significant complication that can occur after surgical procedures, particularly those involving the abdomen or thorax. This condition refers to the partial or complete collapse of the lung, which can result in hypoventilation and inadequate gas exchange. The main risk factors for atelectasis include the effects of anesthesia, reduced mobility post-surgery, and the presence of pain that can inhibit deep breathing. Following surgical procedures, patients often have decreased lung volumes and may struggle to take deep breaths due to pain, leading to inadequate expansion of the alveoli and, consequently, atelectasis. This condition can be particularly prevalent in the immediate postoperative period if appropriate measures such as incentive spirometry or early ambulation are not implemented. Although the other options also represent potential complications, atelectasis is notably one of the most common and critical issues that healthcare providers monitor in the postoperative care of GI surgery patients. The emphasis on preventing atelectasis through respiratory therapy and patient education is crucial in promoting optimal recovery and reducing the likelihood of further complications.