Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) Practice Exam

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What is an example of a 5HT3 receptor antagonist used to treat PONV?

Ondansetron
Promethazine
Dexamethasone
Metoclopramide

The correct answer is: Ondansetron

Ondansetron is an example of a 5HT3 receptor antagonist specifically used to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This medication works by blocking the action of serotonin at the 5HT3 receptors located in both the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. By inhibiting this pathway, ondansetron effectively reduces the perception and occurrence of nausea and vomiting, making it a preferred choice for patients undergoing surgery. The other options represent different classes of medications. Promethazine is an antihistamine with antiemetic properties but does not primarily function as a 5HT3 receptor antagonist. Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that is often used for its anti-inflammatory effects and can prevent nausea, but it does not act on the serotonin receptors. Metoclopramide is a prokinetic agent that works on dopamine receptors and has some serotonergic activity but is not classified as a 5HT3 receptor antagonist. Thus, ondansetron is well-established for its specific mechanism of action in addressing PONV through serotonin receptor antagonism.