Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) Practice Exam

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What effect do anticholinergics have on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure?

  1. Increase the pressure

  2. Lower the pressure

  3. No effect on the pressure

  4. Variable effect on pressure

The correct answer is: Lower the pressure

Anticholinergics are known to lower the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). This decrease in pressure can lead to an increased risk of gastroesophageal reflux, as the LES's ability to maintain closure is compromised. The mechanism behind this effect involves the action of anticholinergics on the muscarinic receptors, which are responsible for the contractile tone of the sphincter. When these receptors are blocked, it results in reduced muscle tone and, consequently, lower pressure in the LES. This pharmacological effect is significant in clinical practice, especially for patients who may be at risk for reflux or related gastrointestinal issues. Understanding the influence of anticholinergics on LES function is crucial for healthcare providers when prescribing these medications and monitoring potential side effects.

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