Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) Practice Exam

What describes tiny areas of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of small penetrating arteries?

1. Subdural hematomas

2. Lacunar strokes

3. Ischemic attacks

4. Cerebral infarctions

The correct answer is: Lacunar strokes

Lacunar strokes refer specifically to small, deep brain infarcts that occur when small penetrating arteries become occluded. These strokes are typically associated with hypertension and diabetes, conditions that can lead to lipohyalinosis or other forms of small vessel disease, which results in tiny areas of ischemic necrosis in the brain. These strokes differ from larger infarctions, as they involve the smaller arteries that supply vascular territories in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and internal capsule, leading to specific clinical syndromes. Understanding the mechanism of lacunar strokes is crucial for identifying risk factors and implementing preventive strategies in patients with cardiovascular diseases.