Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) Practice Exam

What are classic signs of autonomic dysfunction syndrome?

1. Hypertension and bradycardia

2. Tachycardia and fever

3. Hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fever

4. Hypotension and hypothermia

The correct answer is: Hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fever

Autonomic dysfunction syndrome is characterized by a disturbance in the autonomic nervous system, which can lead to various physiological changes. The classic signs include hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fever. Hypertension occurs due to an increase in sympathetic activity or reduced parasympathetic control, while tachycardia can be a response to stress or increased metabolic demands. Tachypnea often accompanies these symptoms due to the body’s attempt to meet increased oxygenation needs, particularly in the setting of systemic stress or infection. Fever may also be present, particularly if there is an underlying infection or systemic inflammatory response. This combination of symptoms reflects the body’s heightened state of arousal and can be indicative of conditions such as sepsis, neurogenic shock, or other states where autonomic regulation is disrupted. The presence of all four symptoms together is particularly notable and helps differentiate autonomic dysfunction from other conditions that might only involve partial dysregulation.