Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) Practice Exam

In the context of superior mesenteric artery syndrome, what symptom is particularly concerning?

1. Projectile vomiting

2. Headaches

3. Dry mouth

4. Palpitations

The correct answer is: Projectile vomiting

In superior mesenteric artery syndrome, one of the primary concerns is projectile vomiting. This condition occurs when the duodenum is compressed between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta, leading to a mechanical obstruction and difficulty with the passage of food. As the obstruction worsens, it can cause severe nausea and result in the expulsion of stomach contents violently, which is characterized as projectile vomiting. This symptom is particularly concerning because it indicates significant gastrointestinal distress and can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and potential aspiration if the vomiting is severe. Recognizing and addressing this symptom promptly is crucial in managing the condition effectively to prevent complications.