Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) Practice Exam

Impaired language function (aphasia) out of proportion to other cognitive deficits is characterized by which condition?

1. Alzheimer's disease

2. Frontotemporal dementias

3. Pseudodementia

4. Multi-infarct dementia

The correct answer is: Frontotemporal dementias

Impaired language function, or aphasia, that is disproportionate to other cognitive deficits is most characteristically associated with frontotemporal dementias. This condition primarily affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, regions that are heavily involved in language and behavior. In individuals with frontotemporal dementia, the changes in language abilities can occur earlier and more significantly than other cognitive deficits, such as memory or problem-solving skills, leading to noticeable language impairments alongside relatively preserved cognitive function in early stages. This condition often presents with significant alterations in speech, comprehension, and the ability to find words, which are hallmark characteristics of aphasia. The specificity and prominence of language impairment in frontotemporal dementia make it distinct compared to other types of dementia, where memory dysfunction typically precedes language difficulties.